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Engine configuration is an engineering term for the layout of the major components of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine. These components are the cylinders and crankshafts in particular but also, sometimes, the camshaft(s). Many apparently 'standard' names for configurations are historic, arbitrary, or overlapping. For example, the 180° V engine is so named because the crankshaft is related to a V engine more closely than it is related to other opposed-piston engines such as the boxer. Others would consider it a flat engine because of its shape. The names ''W engine'' and ''rotary engine'' have each been used for several unconnected designs. The ''H-4'' and ''H-6'' engines produced by Subaru are not H engines at all, but boxer engines. The Subaru H-4 and H-6 designs are so named because they are horizontally opposed pistons. ==Categorisation by piston motion== Engine types include: * Single-cylinder engines * Inline engine designs: * * Straight engine, with all of the cylinders placed in a single row * * * U engine, two separate straight engines with crankshafts linked by a central gear. * * * * The square four is a U engine where the two straight engines have two cylinders each. * * V engine, with two banks of cylinders at an angle, most commonly 60 or 90 degrees. * * Flat engine, two banks of cylinders directly opposite each other on either side of the crankshaft. * * * H engine, two crankshafts. * * W engine. Combination of V and straight, giving 3 banks, or two V's intertwined giving 4 banks. * * Opposed piston engine, with multiple crankshafts, an example being: * * * Delta engines, with three banks of cylinders and three crankshafts * * X engine. * Radial designs, including most: * * Rotary engine designs. Mostly seen on pre-WWII aircraft. * Pistonless rotary engines, notably: * * Wankel engine. The standard names for some configurations are historic, arbitrary, or both, with some overlap. For example, the cylinder banks of a 180° V engine do not in any way form a V, but it is regarded as a V engine because of its crankshaft and big end configuration, which result in performance characteristics similar to a V engine. But it is also considered a flat engine because of its shape. On the other hand, some engines which have none of the typical V engine crankshaft design features and consequent performance characteristics are also regarded as V engines, purely because of their shape. Similarly, the Volkswagen Group VR6 engine is a hybrid of the V engine and the straight engine, and can not be definitively labeled as either. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Engine configuration」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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